England's mercantilist principles:

a. were active from the early 1600s.
b. were active from the early 1700s.
c. were a response to spanish tariffs.
d. were pursued by charles ii after 1685.

a. were active from the early 1600s.

Explanation:

Mercantilism refers to the government policy to control economic affairs for the purpose of increasing the economic wealth. Mercantilism later gave way to colonization as the nation's economic interest was based on the colonies especially in the case of Britain. Britain's mercantilism policy included expansion of native merchant fleet, protect the domestic market and accumulation of as much money as possible.

i am pretty sure the awsers is d.

the answer is they believed george iii would never give them their freedom.