"when we came in sight of the camp i saw the american flag waving and heard black kettle tell the indians to stand around the flag, and there they were huddled—men, women, and children. this was when we were within fifty yards of the indians. i also saw a white flag raised. these flags were in so conspicuous a position that they must have been seen. when the troops fired the indians ran, some of the men into their lodges, probably to get their arms. they had time to get away if they had wanted to…after the firing the warriors put the squaws and children together, and surrounded them to protect them. i saw five squaws under a bank for shelter. when the troops came up to them they ran out and showed their persons to let the soldiers know they were squaws and begged for mercy, but the soldiers shot them all.…there seemed to be indiscriminate slaughter of men, women, and children.…the squaws offered no resistance. everyone i saw dead was scalped."