Which philosopher's ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in europe and north america?
he argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice.

a. john locke
b. thomas hobbes
c. beccaria
d. voltaire

A) John Locke

Explanation:

John Locke defended intellectual freedom and tolerance. It was the precursor of many liberal ideas, which only flourished during the French Enlightenment in the 17th century. For him, sovereignty does not reside in the state but the population. Locke's contributions to the criminal laws are related to his conception about the people's sovereignty, where people should keep in their hands, and could only occur a punishment if the "laws of nature" were violated. These laws were related to private property and individual liberties.

false the first governing document in the us history was the articles of federation

if i am correct the answer is going to be a) the federal program of reconstruction ended.