Aperson (usually former slave) who farmed a leased portion of land during the reconstruction era. the planter shared a portion of the crop grown as payment for land, rent, and supplies. often the farmer under agreement was taken advantage of by the land owner is

The person is called a "sharecropper"

Explanation:

A sharecropper SHARED their CROPS with the land owner in return for farming a small portion of land, supplies, etc. After the Civil War, and the slaves were freed, nearly all of them had nothing, and because they needed money, food, other necessities, etc, they would sharecrop to get by, often times, sharecropping would go on for generations, even as far as the 1940s when it started to fade away, but continued into the 1950s.