Which term accurately describes how rulers in europe viewed the expansion of islam?

They saw the spread of Islam as a threat to Western lifestyles and European customs and to European commerce and economy.

Explanation:

Islamic expansion, also called Islamic conquests or Arab conquests, began shortly after the death of the prophet Muhammad. He had established a new unified political organization on the Arabian Peninsula, which, under the subsequent rule of the Caliphate Caliphs of the Orthodox and Omiad, experienced a rapid expansion of Arab power far beyond the peninsula.

Islam has expanded in all directions. Within a few decades, it occupied an area of land only comparable to the Roman Empire in its heyday. It would soon take on the role of commercial liaison between economically important areas of the world: Europe, Africa and Asia. The military progress achieved by the Muslims allowed them to isolate Europe, blocking trade especially through control of the Mediterranean Sea.

For this reason, European nations began to see the spread of Islam as a threat to Western customs, European culture, and the region's economy and trade.

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation: