The thirteenth amendment:

a. defined u. s. citizenship to include african-americans.
b. was strongly supported by democrats in 1864.
c. abolished slavery throughout the united states.
d. set up a gradual plan of emancipation.
e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.

C) Abolished slavery throughout the United States.

Explanation:

The Thirteenth Amendment was signed into law by president Andrew Johnson in 1865. This amendment declared that slavery was prohibited in the whole of the United States, except as a punishment for a crime.

The need for the passing of the Amendment was caused by the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation. While the Proclamation effectively freed many African Americans during the Civil War, their status after the Civil War ended was not clear.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

for this case we have the following equation:

we apply distributive property to the terms within parentheses.

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation: