What is lincoln’s justification for expanding wartime?

answer:

president lincoln justified the emancipation proclamation as a war measure intended to cripple the confederacy. being careful to respect the limits of his authority, lincoln applied the emancipation proclamation only to the southern states in rebellion.

explanation:

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".