The excerpt by bernal diaz the spanish foot soldier was a firsthand account of the attack on whom:

The correct answer is The Aztec

The Aztecs were a pre-Columbian civilization and developed in Mesoamerica. The capital of the Aztecs was the city of Tenochtitlán, known for its grandeur and located where today is Mexico City, the capital of Mexico. The Aztecs have been known to form a civilization with a sophisticated lifestyle. They were dominated by the Spanish in 1521.

he believed that strong monarchies would lead to social and political stability.

d) in the state of iowa