Ii. absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. woodrow wilson, fourteen points speech, 1918 president wilson is referring specifically to a) the attack on pearl harbor. b) unrestricted submarine warfare. c) the sinking of the titanic. d) italian dominance in the mediterranean.