"american reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society" assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements in three of the following areas.
education,
temperance,
women’s rights,
utopian

The question is incomplete. This is the complete question:

“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society” Assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements in THREE of the following areas:

Education,

Temperance,

Women’s rights,

Utopian experiments

Answer and Explanation:

The reforms that occurred in America during the period between 1820 and 1860 attracted support (optimism) and criticism (pessimism). The major areas that witnessed a lot of reform were education, women’s rights, temperance, and utopian experiments. With regard to education reforms and utopian experiments, the quote (“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society”) is valid because the education reforms were very optimistic; on the other hand, although utopian experiments were mostly optimistic, they were also a bit pessimistic as well. The period between 1820 and 1860 witnessed very labor intensive changes in many policies and societal attitudes when attempts were made to reform education systems and advocate for change in temperance. With regard to women’s rights, the quote (“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society”) is valid because history proves that there were inspiring movements for women's rights; however, the movements were also faced with challenges and criticism.

richard nixon led the investigation that resulted in alger hiss being convicted of prejury.

i think it was   tsar alexander ii