Which of the following is considered to be a "fundamental" rather than "immediate" cause of world war 1

a. fighting in the balkins
b. assassination of arkuduke franz ferdidninan
c. formation of secret alliances
d. germany invasion of belgium

Correct  C. Formation of secret alliances

The other items all fall more into the category of "immediate causes."

Explanation:

Pre-war alliances between European nations were made in secret and elevated diplomatic tensions within those governments.   Or sometimes the fact that alliances were being made was announced publicly -- but the negotiations about the alliances were conducted behind closed doors.  And often the terms of the alliances were kept secret, so that only the parties involved knew the full details.  This business of conspiring and posturing in regard to alliances contributed to an attitude of escalating nervousness and tension as the nations of Europe maneuvered for strength over against their perceived adversaries.  This was a fundamental problem that lay behind the ultimate outbreak of the Great War  (as World War I was called at the time it occurred).

president coolidge hope this

c or d both can be the answer