Mann describes several commodities that were taken from europe and africa to the americas. which of the following were taken from the americas to europe

The correct option is gold and silver.

Explanation:

When they colonized the Americas the Europeans, especially the Spanish Crown took a lot of gold and silver from the native civilizations that were in the Americas at the time, especially the Aztecs and the Incas that has complex civilizations with a good deal of gold and silver jewelry and amulets and other objects made of precious metals. The Spanish Crown became the richest power in Europe by the late 1500s for a time as a result of all the gold and silver it was able to exploit and bring back to Europe. They began mining more intensively for the resources as well, especially in the case of silver, using primarily indigenous labor.

the church governed the society after the empire fell.   constantine took charge of rome and ended the confusion which had over religion and made christianity as the only religion and that started ruling the roman empire. he also divided the empire into two and fortified the eastern part.   he ruled the eastern part.