The casual behavior of the characters during a difficult time demonstrates hemingways belief that a hero should

This is Hemingway's belief that issues should be dealt with stoically and heroically. This can be seen in The Old Man and the Sea in the way the man never gives up and fights the Fish with all that he's got.

"d. the battle of quebec began the french and indian war and the attack on fort duquesne ended it." is your answer this is because the war and attack included washington and his people.