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the 1918 treaty of brest-litovsk altered the course of world war i by
ensuring the allies' victory over the central powers.
ending russia's involvement in the conflict.
consolidating russia and german power in the region.
assuring the united states would join the conflict.

The 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk altered the course of World War I by ending Russia's involvement in the conflict.  

Explanation:

On 3 March 1918  The Brest- Litovsk  treaty  was signed putting an end to Russia's participation in the war which is a peace treaty . It was signed between Russia and the combined powers of Germany , ottoman empire, Bulgaria and  Austria- Hungary.

The October Revolution , Russia' s endless loss and the outbreak of civil war compelled Russia to withdraw from the First World War.

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation:

answer: both considered peasants valued members of society.

explanation: the ancient chinese and indian empires were large asian empires that had the same problems with other big empires, they had to work hard and sometimes fight in order to keep them united, they both relied heavily on their capacity to trade and to send strange and rare items to europe, and had the father as the head of the house hold in both societies, but they didn´t considered pleasants as valued members of their society, they were the bottom of the social pyramid in both of their societies.