Which of the following statements best describes the spread of islam under the first four caliphs?

a. arabs conquered the peoples east of persia and converted them to islam.
b. arabs united under islam and defeated nearby empires.
c. byzantine emperors embraced islam in the region.
d. persians were united and spread islam as they conquere
the difference between shiite muslims and sunni muslims is

a. sunnis believe imams are descended from ali and fatima; shiites do not.
b. sunnis are devout and mystical; shiites are never devout and mystical.
c. shiites believe only descendants from ali and fatima can be religious leaders; sunnis do not.
d. shiites are devout and mystical; sunnis are never devout and mystical.
which of the following is true of the umayyads?

a. the umayyad caliphate declined when it was invaded by the mongols.
b. the umayyads did not tax non-muslims.
c. the umayyad capital of baghdad was a center of art and learning.
d. the umayyads expanded into spain.
which of the following statements best describes how the abbasid caliphate expanded?

a. the caliphs conquered persia and incorporated persian traditions.
b. the caliphs conquered india and incorporated indian traditions.
c. the caliphs moved their capital to damascus and expanded into north africa.
d. the caliphs brought their arabic language and traditions to spain.
why did the abbasid caliphate decline?

a. the turks took over baghdad; then the mongols invaded.
b. the seljuk turks invaded spain from north africa.
c. timur the lame swept into spain and defeated the abbasids.
d. the mongols put a figurehead on the throne; then the turks invaded.