14) the period in world history known as "the crusades" represents a struggle mostly based on
a) race.
b) religion.
c) political ideology.
d) military technology.
15)

“[t]he temples of the idols in that nation [england] ought not to be destroyed; but let the idols that are in them be destroyed; let holy water be made and sprinkled in the said temples, let altars be erected, and relics placed. for if those temples are well built, it is requisite that they be converted from the worship of devils to the service of the true god; that the nation, seeing that their temples are not destroyed, may remove error from their hearts, and knowing and adoring the true god, may the more familiarly resort to the places to which they have been accustomed.”
- “advice to the english church,“ pope gregory, 601
according to pope gregory
a) anything associated with english paganism must be eliminated.
b) the rebuilding of english temples will show the might of the christian church.
c) if certain pagan traditions are kept, christianity will be more easily accepted by the english.
d) english temples must remain completely unchanged because of fears of pagan resistance to christianity.
16)
during the renaissance, cities like florence, genoa, and venice were important mostly because they were
a) places where artists thrived.
b) centers of trade and commerce.
c) home to the best universities in europe.
d) under direct control of the king of italy.
17)

which is the best description of how medieval monks contributed to western culture and civilization?
a) they organized and led bands of "crusaders" who defended europe from muslim attackers.
b) much of their artwork served as the inspiration for the "renaissance" that developed in italy.
c) they preserve the learning, writing, and culture of the early greeks, romans, and christians.
d) they re-wrote the bible and changed many of its original stories and messages so that european peasants could understand them.
18)
historians generally agree that the bubonic plague of the 14th century killed approximately of the the population of europe and asia.
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 25%
19)
how might feudalism and the manorial system have impacted the social life of europeans?
a) unlike slaves, peasants retained legal rights in manorialism and in the feudal arrangement.
b) peasants on manors and under feudalism owed financial obligations to the lord.
c) new agricultural techniques changed the open field system of manorialism.
d) the growth of cities decreased the importance of feudalism.
20)
which is not an accurate description of serfdom in europe during the medieval period?
a) serfs could be bought and sold to other lords.
b) serfs performed manual labor in return for use of land.
c) serfs paid taxes to the lords with agricultural products.
d) serfs often bartered goods to exchange goods on the manor.
21)

based on the map, what can you conclude about charlemagne’s conquests?
a) they were mainly to the east.
b) they were part of a kingdom.
c) they were mainly to the west.
d) they made up most of the empire.

Explanation:

14) B. Religion

The crusades were inspired by religion. In November 1095 the Pope called on western Christians to go to war and aid the Byzantines and to recapture the holy land. This marked the beginning of the Crusades because an astonishing mass of people answered. The crusades made it possible for some religious orders to rise from which the Knights Templar are the most famous today.

15) A. Anything associated with English paganism must be eliminated.

Pope Gregory knew that if they were to destroy the buildings it would be a lot more costly to spread the religion. Besides the economic view of the situation, he expressed that the places of devil worship could be cleansed and that there was no need for destroying buildings but just converted on the inside. This would and has made the locals a lot more open to accepting Christianity.

16) B. Centers of trade and commerce.

Since Venice, Florence and Genoa were big trade centers of that time they were very important. being a trade hub means a lot of merchants and other people would pass there and bring new technology, philosophy and religion could be spread a lot easier since a lot of different cultures came there to trade. Some historians argue that if not for those trade hubs the renaissance would not happen at the time that it happened.

17) C. They helped preserve the learning, writing, and culture of the early Greeks, Romans, and Christians.

In medieval times a lot of the population was illiterate so reading and writing of books was not an option. Most of the books in the time were of religious nature and thus monks were writing them. They helped preserve a lot of the culture because Greek, Roman and Christian texts were kept safe and studied by the monks in some places. They also wrote copies of those books and that helped in the preservation even more.

18) D. 25%

The exact amount of deaths caused by the bubonic plague is not known. Most historians agree that around 25% of the whole Asian and European population perished in the 14th century but some would argue that the numbers are even bigger. In Europe, it caused the death of more than half of the whole population.

19) Unlike slaves, peasants retained legal rights in manorialism and in the feudal arrangement.

The title of a peasant in a manor system was serf. Serfs did not have masters and had some legal protection in comparison to slaves. They were workers on land or inside of a manor and they could not be sold by their master. They did not have an owner and they were fixed to their land so when the land changed owners serfs changed masters.

20) A. Serfs could be bought and sold to other lords.

Serfs were not the property of the lord. They worked on the land and paid the lord taxes and could barter goods for other goods they needed. They performed manual labor to pay the lords and were tied to the land that they were working on. If the lord chose to sell the land the serf would stay on the land. So the serf would not be sold but just transferred to another lord with the selling of the land.

21) A) They were mainly to the east.

Charlemagne was the king of the Franks and later the emperor of the Romans who conquered much of western Europe and expanded to the east. He is very important to history because besides uniting almost half of Europe under his empire he was the first person to be crowned emperor after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Before him, that title was reserved only for Romans.

4 copper and gold, the california gold rush is why im pretty sure.

d. william mckinley's southern upbringing him win.