During the 19th century, why were europeans mainly able to divide china in spheres of influence?

a. europeans were willing to adopt chinese customs such as arranged marriages and confucianism

b. europeans had technology superior military forces as evidenced with their victory in the opium war (1839-1842)

c. the chinese were eager to adopt western culture such as converting to christianity and western clothing styles.

d. the chinese lacked raw materials and resources.

Where did the term “iron curtain” originate? the warsaw pact used the term iron curtain as a code word for communism. in a 1946 speech, british prime minister winston churchill said an iron curtain had fallen across the continent of europe. while visiting western europe in 1946, u. s. president harry truman commented that the mountains there looked like iron curtains. russian general secretary joseph stalin instructed citizens of eastern europe to hang iron curtains over their windows to protect themselves from stray bullets.