The national association for the advancement of colored people was founded as a direct response to

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded as a direct response to the lynching of two black men in 1908.

Explanation:

By the end of Civil War, slavery as an institution had ended but their were on-going racial issues throughout the country which made life difficult for African-Americans.

By the turn of the century, attacks against African-Americans were becoming more common.

The NAAC was established when as a direct response of lynchings in Springfield, Illinois. Before this, lynchings were mostly associated with Southern States, but the event in the developed Stated, forced many white people to come up with a solution and work towards equality.

NAAC was pretty successful and within the next 5 decades, lynchings had been wiped out of the US.

d

explanation:

a.) are both appointed for life