Apwh
in the 1st century through 12th century ce, what were the universal religions and what does universal religion means?

Universal religion means A 'universal' religion is one that is said to one day engulf the whole world.  Basically, everyone all believing the same things.

the religion of the 12th century was undergoing a gradual transformation. Whereas in an earlier time, man was becoming more Christian, in the 12th century, there were efforts underway to make Christianity more human.

Explanation:

the completion of the erie canal spurred the first great westward movement of american settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the appalachians and made new york the preeminent commercial city in the united states.