The testament of william thorpe was published around 1530 as an appendix to thorpe's longer examination. many scholars, however, doubt the attribution of the testament to thorpe because, whereas the examination is dated 1406, the testament is dated 1460. one scholar has recently argued that the 1460 date be amended to 1409, based on the observation that when these numbers are expressed as roman numerals, mlx and mix, it becomes easy to see how the dates might have become confused through scribal error.
which of the following, if true, would most support the scholar's hypothesis concerning the date of the testament?
(a) the sole evidence that historians have had that william thorpe died no earlier than 1460 was the presumed date of publication of the testament.
(b) in the preface to the 1530 publication, the editor attributes both works to william thorpe.
(c) few writers in fifteenth-century england marked dates in their works using only roman numerals.
(d) the testament alludes to a date, "friday, september 20," as apparently contemporaneous with the writing of the testament, and september 20 fell on a friday in 1409 but not in 1460.
(e) the testament contains few references to historical events that occurred later than 1406.

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1.which of the following was the significance of the emergence of a vernacular language in medieval europe?

answer: it suggested a new interest in ordinary people

2.which of the following was a central idea in thomas aquinas's suma theologica?

answer: faith and reason don't contradict each other

3.which of the following did gothic architecture reflect about the late middle ages?

answer: the church had great wealth and authority

4.what examples of gothic architecture survive today?

answer: abbeys, cathedrals, universities

5.how did the byzantines most directly impact later civilizations?

answer: by preserving ancienct sources of knowledge and information

6.which of the following was the impact on europe of the disease described?

answer : 1/3 of the population of europe died, production declined, and cost of labor soared

7.which pair of answers best completes the top and middle arrows in the chart?

answer: the bubonic plague severly reduced the population of europe; higher demand for labor increased wages and prices leading to a market economy

8.which order of contacts most likely traces the spread of the bubonic plague to medieval europe?

answer: conquering mongol armies in asia, rats in chinese cities, fleas with travelers to the middle east and europe

9.if you wrote an essay about medieval europe, in a paragraph about which topic would you most likely refer to avignon?

answer: papal rivalry

10.how did the second great schism lead to the end of medieval europe?

answer: it caused people to question the authority of the church

11.which pull factors attracted european jews to eastern europe during the late middle ages?

answer: jews were attracted to eastern europe because they could practice judaism there without persecution

12. why did the speaker call moscow the "third rome"?

answer: moscow was the center of expanding political power

13.which statement best summarizes the effect of geography on eastern europe?

answer: different parts of the region were most influenced by cultures that had easiest access to them

14.how did eastern europe become home to so many ethnic groups?

answer: its geography and location facilitated migration

15.what are two factors that probably isolate russia from western europe?

answer: the cyrillic alphabet and olga's selection of the byzantine church

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