In this excerpt, the phrase “female folly and vice” refers to
a the view that women are weak and ignorant.
b the mistreatment and disrespect of women in society.
c the oppression of women by the church and the state.
d the refusal of women to seek out an education.

The correct answer is A) the view that women are weak and ignorant.

In this excerpt, the phrase “female folly and vice” refers to "the view that women are weak and ignorant."

We are talking about the book "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" of 1792, by Mary Wollstonecraft. In her excerpt, she writes: "The grand source of female folly and vice has never appeared to me to arise from narrowness of mind, and the very constitution of civil governments has put almost insuperable obstacles in the way to prevent the cultivation of the female understanding - yet virtue can be built on no other foundation."

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

wwii

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