U1: 51
supporters of the spoils system claimed it made government more efficient because like-minded individuals cooperated.
opponents claimed it made government less efficient because

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.

if i am correct the answer is going to be a) the federal program of reconstruction ended.

the constitution gives congress the power to regulate commerce "among" the several states.