What english scientist introduced the idea that the universe functioned like a machine

From which of the following literary works is this quotation most likely taken?

After the success of the sputnik launch, the united states feared that they would never be able to launch their own satellite, the ussr had used technology developed by the united states, the soviets had superior nuclear capabilities, that any future us satellites would not be as successful.

What are consistent goals of u. s. foreign policy? equality between men and women education for all children life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness spread of democracy and capitalism