The berlin wall: was built with the cooperation of west germany and her western allies, who sought to improve relations with the soviet union. was torn down in 1989 by a group of soviet protestors. was erected in 1961 by the soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from east berlin to west berlin. became an unlikely symbol of hope that one day the cold war would end. was a temporary defensive measure enacted after a series of riots.

Was erected in 1961 by the Soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin.

Explanation:

The Berlin Wall began to be built in August 13th 1961. The main purpose of the wall was to keep western from entering East Germany and “undermining the socialist state” and also aimed to block the mass defection from East to West. The wall stood there until November 9th 1989.

the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation.

pakastainians   indians and iran