Use the passage to answer the question.
although scholars debate the exact numbers, in alvin josephy’s estimate, the indian population fell from between 15 and 20 million when the white man first arrived to a fraction of that 150 years later. undoubtedly, the indians perished in great numbers. yet although european enslavement of indians and the spanish forced labor system extracted a heavy toll in lives, the vast majority of indian casualties occurred not as a result of hard labor or deliberate destruction. –from “the crimes of christopher columbus,” dinesh d'souza, 1995
which of the following statements about the effects of the columbian exchange can be supported by evidence in this article?
a) europeans deliberately killed between 15 and 20 million indians.
b) europeans committed genocide against native americans.
c) contagious diseases spread to both europe and the americas.
d) tuberculosis was responsible for most indian deaths.

C) Contagious diseases spread to both Europe and the Americas

Explanation:

The Columbian Exchange had many positives for both sides of the Atlantic, but unfortunately it had some negatives too. The biggest negatives were the spreading out of diseases. Both in Europe and the Americas, multiple diseases were brought from the other side, and they had devastating effects. The Europeans were affected but not to a degree to become almost extinct, while the Native Americans almost died out totally because of the diseases brought by the Europeans.

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.

these acts divided the south into five military districts.