How did the spread of the ottoman empire affect european trade?

a. europeans had to cut off asian trade entirely, as the ottoman empire began converting european merchants to islam.
b. europeans had to establish trade agreements with the ottoman empire because it had spread to control most of east asia.
c. europeans had to find new trade routes to the east because the ottoman empire controlled and taxed existing routes.
d. europeans had to turn over their economic authority to venice, the only european city that the ottoman empire would trade with.

The correct answer is the following: option C. The Ottoman Empire affected European trade, as Europeans had to find new trade routes to the East because the Ottoman Empire controlled and taxed existing routes.

The Ottoman Empire was also known as the Turkish Empire which, from the 14th century and early 20th century, controlled much of the Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. By holding so much power, the Turkish were able to intercept most of all the trade routes that Europeans used to use. This affected European trade, as Europeans now had to find new routes, in order to avoid the Ottoman Empire.

“i think it is very plausible that if there are five votes to end the death penalty, it could be with the people who are on the court right now,” - smith

so basically it is not clearly and consistently imposed