which statement describes an important outcome of the revolutions of 1848?
a. both germany and italy successfully grew into independent
nation-states.
b. nearly all european countries agreed to place strict limits on the
power of kings and queens.
c. ideas of nationalism and popular sovereignty became more
widespread throughout europe.
o
d. european leaders were convinced that jewish people needed their
own nation-state.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

increases in demand are shown by a shift to the right in the demand curve. this could be caused by a number of factors, including a rise in income, a rise in the price of a substitute or a fall in the price of a complement.

which the answer is:

b

i also think it is c