How did nation-states differ from empires?
nation-states were formed when monarchs consolidated their power.
a nation-state shares common characteristics, such as language, culture, and history.
nation-states are multicultural, multiethnic populations, whereas empires are not.
international migration of people changes the cultural makeup of many nation-states.

I'm not sure but the safe bet would be "A" because I canceled out the other options. Empires can be multi-cultural and what not.

I hope this helps, lol ( . _ .)b

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.

a.that is my answer.

brainliest .