State laws passed primarily in southern states to restrict the voting rights of african americans after the passage of the fifteenth amendment came to be known collectively as jim crow laws. voting rights acts. black codes. affirmative action.

The answer is Jim Crow Laws!

Explanation:

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State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as  Jim Crow laws.

Explanation:

The Jim Crow laws imposed racial segregation at the local and state level in the United States of America. This legislation, dating from after the Reconstruction period, aimed to separate black Americans from white citizens in public institutions and to deny them the right to vote guaranteed by the constitution.  

Although the Constitution of the United States no longer allowed discrimination on the basis of color or race from 1870, the Federal Supreme Court in Washington D.C. formally covered this development, as long as the states provided facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". Facilities for black Americans were, as a rule, clearly of a lower quality and mostly under-funded, compared to those for white fellow citizens, sometimes there were even no provisions at all.

most people now work in jobs where they do one  kind  of work; they are carpenters, bankers, cooks, mechanics, and so forth. likewise, most  businesses produce  only certainkinds  of  goods  or  services, such as cars, tacos, or gardening  services. this feature of  production  is known as specialization.