"in 1862, the homestead act and the pacific railway act were passed primarily to "

to develop the midwest and western parts of the country.

Explanation:

The Homestead Act was intended to provide settlers access to public land in order to attract migrants. In exchange, the homesteaders committed to working the land and to continuous residence in the area. On the other hand, the Pacific Railroad Acts were a series of laws that enabled the construction of the transcontinental railroad. Both of these events allowed the development of the Midwest and Western parts of the country.

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.