(b) in the early sixteenth century, spanish conquistadors took control of much of the americas. the consequences were enormous. discuss the spanish conquest in a well-organized essay that addresses three of these topics: explain two reasons for spain’s desire to establish an empire in the americas. describe the two native american empires that fell to the spanish. include their locations, ways of living, leaders, accomplishments, and weaknesses. identify the conquistadors who led the spanish forces and explain how and why they were able to conquer the american empires. describe the structure of the new spanish colonies, the effects of colonization on the native populations, and the response of spanish conquistadores.
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       The sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries changed the world in dramatic ways. However, probably, the most significant change the world saw or has ever seen was the finding and conquest of the Americas. Many are the theories as to what led both the Spanish and Portuguese empires to seek these voyages, but the truth of the matter is that the main reasons that pushed Spain to support Christopher Columbus in his trip in 1492 were, first, the desire to discover and open new trade routes to the Indies. Moreover, the second reason was evangelization, which the two Spanish monarchs believed would be empowered by colonization.

       When the Spanish first arrived in the Americas, their first encounter was not with any prominent Native tribes or settled civilizations. It was not until later on, in 1519, that the Spanish encountered true Native American civilization. Also, the first to find this was Hernán Cortés, who between 1519 and 1521, led a war against the Aztec Empire, one of the biggest and most important of the entire continent. The Aztecs were settled in the Gulf of Mexico, in what is today Mexico itself. The Aztecs, led by Moctezuma II were advanced people, with a federal-like way of government, cities, technology and organized society. However, like all well-organized and advanced societies, problems arose. The first was that through contact with the Spanish, many diseases unknown until then diminished the number of Natives and also because of weaponry, which allowed the Spanish to overcome the Aztec forces finally.

       The second Empire was the Inca Empire, in what is today Peru, especially in Cusco. Unlike its sister empire in Mexico, the Incas did not have wheeled vehicles, and they did not use farm animals. They did not have a currency, and they survived on the exchange of goods, instead of a market. What made them advanced was their ability in masonry and the use of stone. Their architecture was advanced, and like the Aztecs, their cities were impressive. They also had a centralized system of government led by a king, who at the time of the arrival of the Conquistadors was Atahualpa and the king was considered the owner of everything within the Empire. They also had a very advanced system of roads that connected the central city of Machu Picchu with the rest of the Empire. It was Francisco Pizarro who in 1526 moved from Panama to the Andean region and found himself at Machu Picchu. After several trips, finally, between 1532 and 1533, Francisco Pizarro and the Spanish were able to take control of the vast Inca Empire.

       In the end, most of the Americas, save what is nowadays Brazil, that ended in the hands of Portugal, became part of the enormous Spanish Empire. The result was a group of colonies from which the Spanish derived the precious metal of gold and which made them rich. The Natives, at first were enslaved by the Spanish until through intervention of the Church, black people were brought in to prevent the death of the Natives. The disease also decimated the Native population in the Americas. There was much racial mixing between the Spanish and Natives, which gave origin to many new skin colors, typical of Spanish America.  

they were the direct result of some cultural difussion.