15 points

"i consider the tariff act as the occasion, rather than the real cause of the present unhappy state of things. the truth can no longer be disguised, that the peculiar domestic institution of the southern states and the consequent direction which that and her soil have given to her industry, has placed them in regard to taxation and appropriations in opposite relation to the majority of the union, against the danger of which, if there be no protective power in the reserved rights of the states they must in the end be forced to rebel, or, submit to have their paramount interests sacrificed, their domestic institutions subordinated by colonization and other schemes, and themselves and children reduced to wretchedness."

--john c. calhoun, 1830

calhoun's opinions regarding the tariff of 1828 reflect the political philosophy behind the movement.
a) abolitionist
b) anti-federalist
c) nullification
d) unionist