Which event had the immediate effect of causing germany to declare war on the allies? a) the berlin conference of 1885 sets off the “scramble for africa.”
b) russia mobilizes its forces on germany’s eastern borders. c) great britain declares war on germany. d) the austrian archduke is assassinated.

The correct answer is D. The Austrian archduke is assassinated.

Explanation:

On June 24, 1914, Francisco Fernando, archduke of Austria-Hungary, was visiting with his wife Sofia Chotek  the city of Sarajevo, in the province of Bosnia Herzegovina, which at that time belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  The visit, however, was not seen with good eyes, for many it was even a provocation. Among these was a group of young Serbian nationalists, who were fighting for Serbia to recover the province of Bosnia-Herzegovina.  Several of them went out into the street and waited for the passage of the imperial caravan.  

At around ten in the morning, chaos began.  Nedjelko Cabrinovic, one of the young conspirators, threw a grenade at the decapitated carriage in which Francisco Fernando and Sofia were riding.  The artifact, however, bounced in the back and when it exploded wounded several members of the entourage and spectators of the parade.  The imperial couple was unhurt, but their guard team insisted that they cancel the tour.  Francisco Fernando, however, decided on a new plan, to go to the hospital to visit an officer who had been injured, before continuing with the schedule for the day.  This change of plans caused confusion among the drivers, who directed the convoy through streets where the conspirators were still located.  One of them was Gavrilo Princip, a 19-year-old boy who ran into the caravan.  The car of the royal couple passed just a few meters from Princip and there he shot Francisco Fernando in the neck and Sofia in the abdomen.  Sofia died in the car, while Francisco Fernando died shortly after arriving at the governor's house.

The assassination of the archduke sparked a series of protests and a month later, on July 28th, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.  That was just the beginning of an unstoppable snowball.  Russia got involved because it already had an alliance with Serbia.  Germany, which was an ally of Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia.  The United Kingdom, in turn, declared war on Germany, after the Germans invaded neutral Belgium, with whom the British had protection agreements, as well as with France.

"a problem throughout latin america is widespread poverty. what can those countries improve? the higher the literacy rate" or "education, the lower the rate of poverty".

although the majority of the total population and the population   poor in latin america and the caribbean is in the centers   urban areas, in relative terms poverty remains a   rural phenomenon in the region. the incidence of poverty and   extreme poverty is much greater in rural areas than   in urban areas without going further, in 1997 more than half of the   rural households lived in poverty and about a third in   situation of extreme poverty. in addition, the difficult economic situation   of most of the countries in the region in the past   two years has surely deteriorated those figures. to the poor   of the rural areas of the region are raised at least   three basic problems: i); insufficient nutrition, poor health and   poor educational services; ii); scarce opportunities   productive employment in agriculture and non-agricultural activities;   and iii); low degree of organization to effectively promote   the rural interests. the number and variety of circumstances   that cause rural poverty, as well as heterogeneity   of conditions in which it occurs in different countries   and regions hinder the search for effective solutions and   efficient to raise the welfare of the rural population.  

the mechanisms to reduce poverty are   focuses on three types of important action possibilities and   complementary to generate or raise the income of the poor   of rural areas: one that is based on the growth of   agricultural sector; another that aims at sustainable use and conservation   of natural resources, and the last based on the importance   growing rural economic activities that   they develop outside the agricultural land. there are at least other   two possibilities for reducing rural poverty: the traditional migration to urban areas and assistance to   people who need income transfers to overcome   the poverty threshold or to have a minimum access to   social safety nets.