In the early and mid-1800s much of the southern economy depended on

The Southern economy was primarily agricultural and depended on enslaved people.

Explanation: Slavery was an integral part of the national economy throughout the Early Republic and Antebellum periods.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".