How did early civil rights groups advance their cause?

It began in the late 40s and ended in the late 60s.The civil rights movement was an organized effort by Afro-Americans to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law. the movement resulted in laws to protect every American’s constitutional rights, regardless of color, gender or national origin.

from the conditions of the working class in england by friedrich engels,the main idea is :

i think they came to washington to protest