How did islamic caliphates to gain, consolidate, and maintain power?

I do not know if this is fully correct, but this is what I have

Islamic Caliphates after the death of. Muhammad followed the example he started when dealing with non-Muslims in their empires. Non-Muslims were allowed to practice their religions and follow their religious laws as long as they paid a yearly tax called the jizyah, sometimes referred to as kharāj (though the two were sometimes different taxes), the poll tax, or the land tax.

b. native americans them

b. great plains

hope this