What caused the agrarian crisis in the northeastern u. s. in the early 19th century?

a. a plague of locusts killed tons of crops season after season.

b. almost 300 years of intensive farming caused severe soil exhaustion.

c. years of extensive coal mining stripped the earth of its minerals.

d. a severe drought made it impossible for many farms to water their crops.

The correct answer is option D. "A severe drought made it impossible for many farms to water their crops".

Explanation:

Between 1870 to 1900, a series of severe droughts made it impossible for many farms to water their crops in the northeastern U.S., which caused an agrarian crisis in that region. This crisis brought economic hardship to many farmers, who also faced an increase in price competition from producers abroad who had the advantage of the international market opportunities.

that would be the steamboat because none of the other things are forms of transportation