in the statue of athena parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persians in 479 bc?

Athena Parthenos is holding a winged nike figure. The fact is that Athena Nike was always wingless; Nike alone was winged. Athena also appears carrying a palm branch, wreath, or Hermes staff as the messenger of victory. That's precisely why the winged nike is a reference to the Athenian victory over the Persians.

explanation:

7 - to develop an asian ally

11- the red scare

14   the power of military -industrial complex

17 - the economy grew quickly

24 - the separation of church and state was not important

populist movement, in u.s. history, politically oriented coalition of agrarian reformers in the middle west and south that advocated a wide range of economic and political legislation in the late 19th century. thus in 1892 their leaders organized the populist, or people's, party, and the farmers' alliances melted away.