Why did george w. bush invoke executive privilege and refuse to respond to a house panel subpoena?

a. he wanted to keep white house staff communications confidential.

b. he disregarded the advice of his attorney general and vice president to turn over the information.

c. it was his constitutional right.

d. he knew his decision would be upheld by the supreme court.

B. He disregarded the advice of his attorney general and vice president to turn over the information.

Explanation:

In 2007, President George W. Bush invoked executive privilege and refused to respond to a House panel subpoena. This was in response to the request of documents from former president counsel Harriet Miers and former political director Sara Taylor. This disregarded the advice of his attorney general and vice president to turn over the information. Bush, however, argued that this was necessary, as the president required his advisors to feel comfortable being candid and offering honest advice.

c. as a force against soviet invasion of afghanistan

the answer is a) james madison.