Laws are norms enforced
a)the state
b)the subculture
c)the counterculture
d)these norms are not usually enforced

   The state

Explanation:  The state is a political creation for control over a certain territory, a nation, and this control is carried out by the government. In order for a government to be able to control a political community at the state level it must have norms that are enforced through laws. These norms and laws regulate all rules, rights, obligations, literally all the reasons why the state exists - maintenance of order. This is achieved by prescribed norms through the given laws. And such norms must be enforced, otherwise the state loses its sense and function.

the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation.