What does the man of the left represent? what does the men on the right represent? why is there a hat on central and south america?

The man on the left represents a person that lives, works, and makes wealth in the Western Hemisphere, or the colonies of the so called New World.

The men on the right represent the people in the European colonial powers that are controlling the New World and the people that live and work there, protecting them, but also using big amount of their profit.

The hat with the gold on top of it, placed over Central and South America represents the goods and the wealth that the colonies provide for the European colonial powers, but also their obedience, and the control that the European crowns have over them.

what are the options?

he believed that strong monarchies would lead to social and political stability.