Greatest short term effect of spanish colonization on american indians

Thanks to the bull of Pope Paul III Sublimis Deus of 1537, who declared to the indigenous men with all the effects and abilities of Christians, there was a great contrast in America between the Spanish colonization and the French colonization with the Anglo-Saxon colonization: the Spaniards endeavored to incorporate the indigenous to their civilization and their Church, even at the expense of the annulment of their cultural identity.

One of the important consequences of this colonization was miscegenation in America. The Kings established a common foreign policy marked by matrimonial links with several European royal families that resulted in the hegemony of the Habsburgs in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. On the other hand, the discovery of America from 1492 profoundly changed history.

i'd assume india mainly because of how isolated japan was.   plus it is a whole china away.

the underground railroad (apocope of the metropolitan railroad) is a system of urban trains located within a city and its metropolitan area. it is characterized for being a massive transport of passengers in the big cities, uniting diverse zones and their environs, with high capacity and frequency and in segregated form to other systems of transport. metropolitan railroads are built underground or on the surface, although most systems use mixed models where sections are combined in both modalities.

1 - as a result, the metro tends to reduce car travel for two reasons: first, due to the greater transfer of users from the car and, second, due to the reduction in the acquisition of cars in homes located in sectors near the stations of the metro.

2 -the metro allows to contribute effectively to the achievement of all the objectives of an urban development policy: it improves the efficiency of the city's economy by reducing travel costs and also generates a higher level of activities in the city center, taking advantage of of the agglomeration economies.

3 -it is a clean means of transport, since it uses renewable energy (usually electricity), taking care of the environment and avoiding excessive pollution.