How did the conclusion of the crusades and weakening of the holy roman empire in the 13th century affect the ottoman empire? a) the ottoman empire’s economy collapsed, resulting in a civil war between sunni and shiite factions throughout the middle east. b) the ottoman empire was able to defeat the persian empire and gain new territories in present-day tibet and nepal. c) the ottoman empire was able to seize control of the eastern orthodox church in russia, resulting in war between russian christians and muslims. d) the ottoman empire was able to conquer northern africa, including all of egypt, most of the middle east, and eventually constantinople, renaming it istanbul.