In 1884 toynbee hall was founded in a poor neighborhood in london. the primary mission of toynbee hall was to offer services to those in need, but it also gave university students first hand experience with the effects of proverty. this allows the students to develop practical solutions to further assist people in need. many reformers in the united states soon adopted this model. this model was evident in the united states through the works of —

Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr. Indeed, Adams had visited Toynbee Hall and had decided to adapt the social reformist model to the United States. She founded Hull house along with Ellen Gates. They strove to provide access to European immigrants to essential services as education, sanitation and food assistance.

These social reformers made part of the Settlement movement which aimed to improve the conditions of the working poor and to raise awareness of their struggles and misery among the middle class. Many other settlement houses were founded in the USA for that purpose in several states.

They also founded University Settlement House and several settlement schools to provide education ot the poor in order to help them extricate themselves from poverty.

im going to go with b.