In the famous brown v. board of education case, it was found that the segregation of schooling was unconstitutional. the ruling was based on the equal-protection clause of the 14th amendment. this clause says that no state should deny any person within its jurisdiction “the equal protection of laws.” the 14th amendment, as a whole, was ratified in 1898 in order to grant “citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the united states,” which included former slaves. because the 14th amendment mentions the role of the states, it guarantees civil rights to all americans. considering the original design of the 14th amendment, explain how the brown v. board of education decision was a strict constructionist interpretation.

Strict constructionists interpret constitutional statements strictly. That means they want the words of the constitution to be put into practice with close attention to the original intent of the constitutional protections that were put in place.  Since the 14th Amendment calls for "equal protection of the laws" for all citizens in respect to all their rights as citizens, Brown v. Board applied this to education and insisted equal rights could not be abridged or infringed upon in regard to educational facilities in any state of the Union.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, decided by the US Supreme Court in 1954, ruled that all Americans are entitled to the same civil liberties and protections in regard to access to education. Until that decision, it was legal to segregate schools according to race, so that black students could not attend the same schools as white students.  An older Supreme Court decision, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality.  In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, that standard was challenged and defeated.  Segregation was shown to create inequality, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.

The 14th Amendment was being violated by states whose laws supported the segregation of schools.  The full context of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment reads as follows:

c) women should home the rights as men.

take five to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually unless you are already exercising frequently and vigorously.

be aware that training too hard or too often can cause overuse injuries like stress fractures, stiff or sore joints and muscles, and inflamed tendons and ligaments. sports prompting repetitive wear and tear on certain parts of your body — such as swimming (shoulders), jogging (knees, ankles, and feet), tennis (elbows) — are often overuse culprits, too. a mix of different kinds of activities and sufficient rest is safer.

listen to your body. hold off on exercise when you're sick or feeling very fatigued. cut back if you cannot finish an exercise session, feel faint after exercise or fatigued during the day, or suffer persistent aches and pains in joints after exercising.

if you stop exercising for a while, drop back to a lower level of exercise initially. if you're doing strength training, for example, lift lighter weights or do fewer reps or sets.

for most people, simply drinking plenty of water is sufficient. but if you're working out especially hard or doing a marathon or triathlon, choose drinks that replace fluids plus essential electrolytes.

choose clothes and shoes designed for your type of exercise. replace shoes every six months as cushioning wears out.

for strength training, good form is essential. initially use no weight, or very light weights, when learning the exercises. never sacrifice good form by hurrying to finish reps or sets, or struggling to lift heavier weights.

exercising vigorously in hot, humid conditions can lead to serious overheating and dehydration. slow your pace when the temperature rises above 70°f. on days when the thermometer is expected to reach 80°f, exercise during cooler morning or evening hours or at an air-conditioned gym. watch for signs of overheating, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, faintness, cramps, or palpitations.

dress properly for cold-weather workouts to avoid hypothermia. depending on the temperature, wear layers you can peel off as you warm up. don't forget gloves.