What was the effect of vasco da gama's voyage to india in 1498? a. portugal began trading directly india. b. portugal and spain agreed to share ownership of overseas territories. c. portugal ended all sea voyages because of the expense. d. portugal was invaded by the indian army.

Portugal began trading directly India.

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.