The utopian communities founded in the early 1800s were attempts to form perfect societies. based on government institutions. dominated by immigrants. based on european customs.

The utopian communities founded in the early 1800s were

"attempts to form perfect societies."

In the mid-1840s, George Ripley and other members of the utopian Brook Farm community began to develop a vision of society based on cooperative principles looking for a social reform due to the growing concern of mass of urban residents who did not attend church, and did not have access to scripture.

number 1 is a)

the anwser is a) to prevent military conflict