1. which of the following countries was not
involved in the effort to secure colonies in
africa, asia, and the middle east at the end of
the nineteenth century?
a. germany
b. belgium
c. italy
d. austria
e. england

2. which statement best expresses the motive for
nineteenth-century european imperialism?
a. living space was needed for the excess
population in western europe.
b. european leaders believed imperialism was
an effective method for reducing the
number of wars.
c. european nations would benefit from some
aspects of the conquered nation’s culture.
d. imperialism would benefit the economies
of the colonial powers.
e. european nations wanted democratic
governments throughout the world.

3. bismarck organized the berlin conference in
1884–85 to
a. establish rules for dividing up africa
among the european countries.
b. limit russian expansion on the continent.
c. work with the africans to seek trade
agreements.
d. prevent belgium from taking over the
congo.
e. stop the spread of united states influence
in africa.

4. during the 1900s, emmeline pankhurst was
associated with
a. improvement in education.
b. the romantic literary movement.
c. the advocation of cleanliness in hospitals.
d. a radical struggle for women’s suffrage.
e. support for overseas expansion.

5. the nineteenth-century phrase, “the white man’s
burden,” reflects the idea that
a. asians and africans were equal to
europeans.
b. asians and africans would be grateful for
european .
c. imperialism was opposed by most
europeans.
d. europeans had a responsibility to improve
the lives of their colonial people.
e. democracy was the best form of
government for asia and africa.

6. “as many more individuals of each species are
born than can possibly survive; and as
consequently, there is a frequently recurring
struggle for existence, it follows that any being,
if it vary however slightly in any manner
profitable to itself, under the complex and
sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a
better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally
selected. from the strong principle of
inheritance, any selected variety will tend to
propagate its new and modified form.”
the author of the above passage is
a. charles darwin.
b. herbert spencer.
c. karl marx.
d. ivan pavlov.
e. gregor mendel.

7. which of the following was a result of the sepoy
mutiny or rebellion in 1857?
a. the british east india company raised
taxes.
b. india declared its independence.
c. india adapted christianity.
d. the british east india company took
direct control of india.
e. the british government ended the rule of
the british east india company

Although the Industrial Revolution and nationalism shaped European society in the nineteenth century,

imperialism—the domination by one country or people over another group of people—dramatically changed

the world during the latter half of that century.

Imperialism did not begin in the nineteenth century. From the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century, an era

dominated by what is now termed Old Imperialism, European nations sought trade routes with the Far East,

explored the New World, and established settlements in North and South America as well as in Southeast Asia.

They set up trading posts and gained footholds on the coasts of Africa and China, and worked closely with the

local rulers to ensure the protection of European economic interests. Their influence, however, was limited. In the

Age of New Imperialism that began in the 1870s, European states established vast empires mainly in Africa, but

also in Asia and the Middle East.

Unlike the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century method of establishing settlements, the new imperialists set up the

administration of the native areas for the benefit of the colonial power. European nations pursued an aggressive

expansion policy that was motivated by economic needs that were created by the Industrial Revolution. Between

1870 and 1914, Europe went through a “Second Industrial Revolution,” which quickened the pace of change as

science, technology, and industry spurred economic growth. Improvements in steel production revolutionized

shipbuilding and transportation. The development of the railroad, the internal combustion engine, and electrical

power generation contributed to the growing industrial economies of Europe and their need to seek new avenues

of expansion.

The expansion policy was also motivated by political needs that associated empire building with national greatness,

and social and religious reasons that promoted the superiority of Western society over “backward” societies.

Through the use of direct military force, economic spheres of influence, and annexation, European countries

dominated the continents of Africa and Asia. By 1914, Great Britain controlled the largest number of colonies,

and the phrase, “the sun never sets on the British Empire,” described the vastness of its holdings. Imperialism had

consequences that affected the colonial nations, Europe, and the world. It also led to increased competition

among nations and to conflicts that would disrupt world peace in 1914.

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

george washington =

-he was a general and comander-in-cheif he solve he solve wars

-he was intelient and physically cordnated

tohmas jefferson

james madison

james monroe