How have al-qaeda and osama bin laden affected u. s. policy in the post cold-war era? i need this answer fast!

Simply put, their actions have caused an increase in the amount of security in our country. The technology for public safety also has been greatly developed in the post cold war era. In terms of policies I would say there are more limitations/restrictions to things you can bring on a plane and things like that. Hope this helps...

with my knoladg i would say it was c

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation: