1)compare and contrast the spread of christianity and islam. using specific countries/societies as examples, what forms of government were established to rule? what was the importance of social distinctions?
2) how were the muslim lands governed from 900 to 1400, and what new challenges did rulers face? what was the islamic golden age?
3) what characterized trans-saharan trade, and how did it affect west african society such as the sudan? how does west african society compare to east african city states?
4)how did chinggis khan and his successors conquer much of eurasia, and how did the mongol conquests change the regions affected? what was the result of india’s encounters with turks, mongols, and islam?
5)what were the causes, course, and consequences of the crusades? why have the later middle ages been seen as a time of calamity and crisis? (hundred years war, black death, and peasant revolts).

this is for my final exam tomorrow only one of these is gonna be it so

1.The spread of Islam and Christianity was, and still is, for more than two thousand years, preceded by Islam Christianity in terms of the beginning of the call five hundred years and spread in the beginning in the Middle East and then spread throughout Europe with the help of the adoption of the Roman Empire Christian religion and then came Islam to start spreading in the semi The Arabian Peninsula and then the rest of the world

Today, we see a living example of the coexistence of Muslims and Christians in the same country as France, which has contributed significantly to the migrations of African Muslims to embrace French Christians Islam

Historically, the Ottoman Empire was a beautiful example of the Islamic rule, which spanned more than 600 years in areas that were composed of Christians and Muslims who ruled from a Muslim ruler. Sultan. They exercised freely under the patronage of the Sultan

2. In theory the caliph and his central administration governed the whole empire, but in practice, the many parts of the empire enjoyed considerable local independence. As long as public order was maintained and taxes were forwarded, the central government rarely interfered. - enormous distance made it difficult to keep provinces from breaking away

The description of the golden age of Islam is used to describe a historical phase in which Islamic civilization was advanced, extending from the middle of the eighth century until the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD. During this period, the engineers, scientists and traders of the Islamic world contributed greatly in the fields of art, agriculture, economy, industry, literature, navigation, philosophy, science, technology and astronomy, through the preservation and building on previous contributions and the addition of many inventions and innovations.

Philosophers, poets, artists, scholars and princes created a unique culture that affected societies on all continents.

3.the cameles  

-brought lasting economic and social change to Africa, facilitating the spread of Islam via muslim arab traders, and affected the development of world commerce.  

three important affects on trade

1. trade stimulated gold mining  

2.stimulated the development of urban centers.  

4. The new law of the empire is "Yasa" or "Ech Zasag", without all that is related to the daily life and political relations of the nomads at the time, for example: the prohibition of hunting animals in a season of marriage, the sale of women, the theft of property of others, Genghis Khan appointed his adopted brother, "Shiggy Khothog" as the Chief Justice, and ordered him to keep a record of the prosecutions and problems that occurred. In addition to family, food, and military matters, Genghis Khan unleashed freedom of belief, supported internal and external trade, and exempted the poor and the clergy from taxes and property. For these reasons, many Muslims, Buddhists and Christians, from Manchuria, northern China, India and Persia, voluntarily joined the Genghis Khan Empire

allowed many religions to occur and proceed as long as they paid tax. They also employed skilled workers, giving new opportunities to low-caste manual and artisan labor. This brought about a great age of religious art and architecture. Turks successfully held off the Mongols.

5.The reason for the reservation is the abilityThe undeclared goal is to control the resources of the areas targeted by the Churchز

A series of famines and plagues, beginning with the Great Famine of 1315–17 and especially the Black Death of 1347-1351, reduced the population perhaps by half or more as the Medieval Warm Period came to a close and the first century of the Little Ice Age began. It took 150 years for the European population to regain the levels of 1300

the underground railroad (apocope of the metropolitan railroad) is a system of urban trains located within a city and its metropolitan area. it is characterized for being a massive transport of passengers in the big cities, uniting diverse zones and their environs, with high capacity and frequency and in segregated form to other systems of transport. metropolitan railroads are built underground or on the surface, although most systems use mixed models where sections are combined in both modalities.

1 - as a result, the metro tends to reduce car travel for two reasons: first, due to the greater transfer of users from the car and, second, due to the reduction in the acquisition of cars in homes located in sectors near the stations of the metro.

2 -the metro allows to contribute effectively to the achievement of all the objectives of an urban development policy: it improves the efficiency of the city's economy by reducing travel costs and also generates a higher level of activities in the city center, taking advantage of of the agglomeration economies.

3 -it is a clean means of transport, since it uses renewable energy (usually electricity), taking care of the environment and avoiding excessive pollution.

1- in bradbury's  fahrenheit 451, all books are banned and burned upon discovery. in the nazi germany, books considered to be subversive to the regime would be burned to keep the population from generating ideologies that could challenge nazism.

2- was bradbury correct in his literal interpretation of  “where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.”? in some way, yes. when knowledge is not only limited, but also controlled, the people tied to it are led to their demise. just like in the novel, people in nazi germany who owned  subversive books were punished not only by the burning of their property, but also by the discrimination that followed after such a public form of consequence. if a person was seen being confiscated  subversive  books, they may be considered as an ally to the jews, which meant pretty much the same as being the enemy back then. because of the extreme exclusion and suffering that followed this punishment, it's almost like dying a slow death.

in this way, the phrase  “where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.” is both literal and figurative.

explanation:

mark brainliest and have a great day!